Frostbite

From WildernessWiki.org

ADVISORY:
These recommendations are not meant to be used as a substitute for the advice of a personal physician or trained medical professional. Whenever possible, seek individualized, professional advice and care.

Frostbitten Hands

Frostbite is a medical condition that occurs when a victims extremities become partially frozen. It is not usually fatal, but can cause the loss of limbs, fingers, or toes.

Cause and Effects

Frostbite is caused by prolonged contact with cold. It affects the extremities first, usually fingertips and toes. The nose is also quite susceptible to frostbite, but nearly any part of the body can be affected. Frostbitten limbs can feel extremely cold, tingling, or painful, before becoming numb if left untreated. They generally appear pasty white or gray and may become swollen. In cases of severe frostbite, the flesh will become black and flaky. Victims often are shivering, and frostbite is often combined with other cold-related illnesses such as hypothermia. If not treated quickly, frostbite can kill the flesh, and may require affected limb(s) to be amputated.

Treatment

Once frostbite is diagnosed, treatment is often quite simple. Be careful not to touch the affected area too much, as abrasion can cause serious tissue damage. If frostbite is on fingertips or toes, immerse the affected areas in warm (Not hot!) water, being careful not to touch the edges of the container. Other areas, such as the nose or cheeks, require slightly different treatment. Remove gloves or mittens and touch your palms to the affected areas, being careful not to move them. Do not press hard. It is important to only thaw frotbitten extremities when it is highly unlikely that they will be refrozen - refreezing causes more severe damage than a prolonged period of initial freezing. Remember, this treatment is only partial. Victims should be transported to a hospital as soon as possible.

Prevention

The best prevention for frostbite is to stay warm. Wear plenty of warm footwear, as well as mittens or thick gloves. In extreme cold, wear a scarf or gaiter over your face. Drink plenty of fluids, and be sure to stay dry. If a victim has suffered from frostbite before, they will be much more suseptible to refreezing, even after a long time with no contact with cold.